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Table of Contents
2.1 PLANTS
2.2 ANIMALS
2.2.1 Large mammals
2.2.2 Rodents
2.2.3 Birds
2.2.4 Slugs and snails
2.2.5 Insect pests
2.2.6 Nematodes2.3 MICRO-ORGANISMS
2.3.1 Fungi
2.3.2 Bacteria
2.3.3 Viruses2.4 DIAGNOSING PLANT PROBLEMS
2.4.1 Ways to identify insect damage
2.4.2 Ways to identify disease damage2.5 BIO INDICATORS
3 CONTROL
3.1 THE CHOICE
3.2 CHEMICAL CONTROL
3.2.1 Chemicals are poisonous and dangerous
3.2.2 Resistance to pesticides
3.2.3 Non-selectiveness of pesticides
3.2.4 Chemicals are usually very expensive
3.2.5 Chemicals are not always readily available to small-scale farmers
3.2.6 Illiteracy among small-scale farmers
3.2.7 Many chemicals are available in large containers, only
3.2.8 Most pesticides need to be applied with special equipment
3.2.9 Safe storage
3.2.10 Slow breakdown in the soil
3.2.11 No chemical is perfect
3.3 NATURAL CONTROL
3.4 IS IT POSSIBLE TO PRODUCE QUALITY CROPS WITHOUT CHEMICALS?
4.1 GARDEN SANITATION
4.2 TIMING OF PLANTING
4.3 PLANT SPACING
4.4 CORRECT PLANT FEEDING
4.4.1 Natural fertilizers
4.5 RESISTANT OR TOLERANT VARIETIES OF PLANTS
4.6 CULTIVATION METHODS
4.6.1 Tillage
4.6.2 Crop rotation
4.6.3 Mulching4.7 PROTECTING CROPS WITH OTHER PLANTS
4.7.1 Interplanting
4.7.2 Companion planting
4.7.3 Trap cropping4.8 WHERE TO START
5.1 BENEFICIAL INSECTS
5.1.1 Natural enemies
5.1.2 Pollinators
5.1.3 Scavengers5.2 ENCOURAGING PREDATORS
5.3 MICROBIAL SPRAYS
6.1 PROTECTIVE BORDERS AND BARRIERS
6.2 TRAPS
6.3 ARTIFICIAL GUARDS
7.1 REMEDIES MADE FROM PLANT MATERIAL
7.1.1 Agave (Agave spp.)
7.1.2 Aloe (Aloe spp.)
7.1.3 Amaranth (Amaranthus spp.)
7.1.4 Basil (Ocimum basilicum)
7.1.5 Blackjack (Bidens pilosa)
7.1.6 Black pepper (Piper nigrum)
7.1.7 Cassava (Manihot esculenta)
7.1.8 Castor oil plant (Ricinus communis)
7.1.9 Chilli (Capsicum frutescens)
7.1.10 Citronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus)
7.1.11 Finger millet (Eleusine coracane)
7.1.12 French marigold (Tagetes patula)
7.1.13 Garlic (Allium sativum)
7.1.14 Ginger (Zingiber officinale)
7.1.15 Goat weed (Ageratum conyzoides)
7.1.16 Gum tree (Eucalyptus spp.)
7.1.17 Lantana (Lantana camara)
7.1.18 Lemon grass (Andropogon citratus)
7.1.19 Marigold (Tagetes erecta)
7.1.20 Mexican marigold (Tagetes minuta)
7.1.21 Mexican poppy (Agromone mexicana)
7.1.22 Onion (Allium cepa)
7.1.23 Pawpaw (Carica papaya)
7.1.24 Pyrethrum (Chrysanthemum spp.)
7.1.25 Sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica)
7.1.26 Soyabean (Glycine max)
7.1.27 Sweet peppers (Capsicum annuum)
7.1.28 Sweet potato (Impomoea batatas)
7.1.29 Syringa (Melia azedarach)
7.1.30 Tea (Cammelia sinensis)
7.1.31 Thorn apple (Datura stramonium)
7.1.32 Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)
7.1.33 Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
7.1.34 Wild sunflower (Thithonia diversifolia)
7.1.35 Wild tobacco (Nicotiana rustica)
7.1.36 More plants with potential7.2 ENRICHED SPRAYS
7.2.1 Vegetable & weed spray
7.2.2 Weed spray
7.2.3 Manure and weed spray
7.2.4 Plant hormone mixture
7.2.5 Soil topdressing for vegetables
7.2.6 Weed suppressor
7.2.7 Tomato spray
8.1 REMEDIES FROM ORGANIC MATERIAL
8.1.1 Ash
8.1.2 Bicarbonate of Soda
8.1.3 Bordeaux mixture
8.1.4 Builders’ lime
8.1.5 Clay, lime and other powdery materials
8.1.6 Coffee grounds and tea leaves
8.1.7 Compost
8.1.8 Flour
8.1.9 Insects
8.1.10 Manure, dung and urine
8.1.11 Milk
8.1.12 Mulch
8.1.13 Paraffin
8.1.14 Salt preparations
8.1.15 Soap solutions
8.1.16 Soil
8.1.17 Sugar
8.1.18 Vinegar
8.1.19 Water
APPENDICES
APPENDIX 2: PHYSICAL CONTROL METHODS
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